Conversion of Bivalve Shells to Monocalcium and Tricalcium Phosphates: An Approach to Recycle Seafood Wastes

The search for sustainable resources remains a subject of global interest and the conversion abundantly available bivalve shell wastes to advanced materials is an intriguing method. By grinding, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder was obtained from each bivalves (cockle, mussel, oyster) as revealed by FTIR XRD results. Each individual reacted with H3PO4 H2O prepare Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O giving anorthic crystal structure. calcination mixture its produced Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, at 900 °C 3 h, resulted in rhombohedral β-Ca3(PO4)2 powder. data CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2 prepared are quite similar, showing no impurities. thermal behaviors CaCO3 were slightly different. However, particle sizes morphologies same products different shells different—but those significantly kind products. Overall, (CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2) rapidly simple, environmentally benign, low-cost approach, which shows huge potential many industries providing both economic ecological benefits.